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GlossaryCell Damage

disruption of normal cell function due to harmful stimuli

Cell damage, also known as cellular damage or cell injury, refers to the disruption of normal cell structure and function due to various harmful stimuli. This can be caused by factors such as physical trauma, toxins, infections, or oxidative stress. When cells are damaged, they may either repair themselves, undergo programmed cell death (apoptosis), or die through uncontrolled processes (necrosis), potentially leading to tissue dysfunction and disease.

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research Cell and Tissue Damage After Skin Exposure to Ionizing Radiation: Short- and Long-Term Effects After Single and Fractional Doses

14 citations, January 2014 in “Cells Tissues Organs”

Ionizing radiation causes irreversible skin damage, with single doses leading to acute injury and hair graying, and fractional doses causing more severe long-term tissue damage.

Dual Deficiency of Melatonin and Dihydrotestosterone Promotes Stromal Cell Damage and Mediates Prostatitis via the cGAS-STING Pathway in Sleep-Deprived Mice

research Dual Deficiency of Melatonin and Dihydrotestosterone Promotes Stromal Cell Damage and Mediates Prostatitis via the cGAS-STING Pathway in Sleep-Deprived Mice

March 2024 in “Cell communication and signaling”

Lack of sleep in mice leads to prostatitis by reducing certain hormones and activating an inflammatory pathway, which can be temporarily fixed with normal sleep.

research PPARγ Signaling Modulation Protects From Hair Follicle Bulge Stem Cell Damage and Cyclophosphamide-Induced Hair Follicle Cytotoxicity

September 2019 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology”

PPARγ signaling modulation can protect hair follicle stem cells from chemotherapy-induced damage.

research Environmental Pathobiology of Frontal Fibrosing Alopecia: Does Linalool Promote FFA Development and Progression?

November 2022 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology”

Linalool in personal care products may contribute to hair loss by damaging hair follicle stem cells and triggering harmful immune responses.

research Environmental Pathobiology of Frontal Fibrosing Alopecia: Does Linalool Promote FFA Development and Progression by Inducing Epithelial Hair Follicle Stem Cell Damage and MICA Expression in the Bulge?

September 2022

Linalool in personal care products may worsen frontal fibrosing alopecia by damaging hair follicle stem cells and triggering harmful immune responses.

research Hair Cell Toxicology: With the Help of a Little Fish

4 citations, December 2022 in “Frontiers in cell and developmental biology”

Zebrafish larvae are used to study and find treatments for ear cell damage because they are easier to observe and test than mammals.

Arctiin Blocks Hydrogen Peroxide-Induced Senescence and Cell Death Through MicroRNA Expression Changes in Human Dermal Papilla Cells

research Arctiin Blocks Hydrogen Peroxide-Induced Senescence and Cell Death Through MicroRNA Expression Changes in Human Dermal Papilla Cells

25 citations, September 2014 in “Biological Research”

Arctiin helps protect hair cells from damage and death caused by oxidative stress.

research The Metabolites of Bifidobacterium Longum BB536 Alleviate DHT-Damaged Human Dermal Papilla Cells by Activating WNT/β-Catenin Signaling

August 2024 in “Food Bioscience”

Bifidobacterium longum BB536 metabolites may help treat hair loss by repairing and promoting hair cell growth.

research Chemical Screening for Hair Cell Loss and Protection in the Zebrafish Lateral Line

114 citations, March 2010 in “Zebrafish”

PROTO1 and PROTO2 protect against hearing damage.

research The Charnoly Body as a Universal Biomarker of Cell Injury

6 citations, May 2014 in “Biomarkers and Genomic Medicine”

Charnoly bodies could be a marker for cell damage, and certain nutrients and proteins might prevent them, potentially helping with brain diseases and cancer.

research Calcium Channel Inhibitor and Extracellular Calcium Improve Aminoglycoside-Induced Hair Cell Loss in Zebrafish

April 2024 in “Archives of toxicology”

Certain substances can protect against ear damage from some antibiotics in zebrafish.

research Finasteride Promotes Worsening of the Cardiac Deleterious Effects of Nandrolone Decanoate and Protects Against Genotoxic and Cytotoxic Damage

January 2020 in “Brazilian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences”

Finasteride worsens heart damage from nandrolone decanoate but protects against cell damage.

research Particulate Matter 2.5 Damages Skin Cells by Inducing Oxidative Stress, Subcellular Organelle Dysfunction, and Apoptosis

215 citations, March 2018 in “Archives of Toxicology”

Tiny pollution particles called PM2.5 can harm skin cells by causing stress, damage to cell parts, and cell death.

research Molecular Basis of Hair Cell Loss

66 citations, February 2015 in “Cell & tissue research/Cell and tissue research”

The document concludes that there are no effective clinical treatments for hearing loss due to hair cell damage, but research is ongoing.

Clionasterol-Rich Fraction of Caulerpa Racemosa Against Particulate Matter-Induced Skin Damage Via Inhibition of Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis-Related Signaling Pathway

research Clionasterol-Rich Fraction of Caulerpa Racemosa Against Particulate Matter-Induced Skin Damage Via Inhibition of Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis-Related Signaling Pathway

5 citations, September 2022 in “Antioxidants”

A substance from Caulerpa racemosa seaweed may protect against skin damage caused by air pollution by reducing oxidative stress and cell death.

Effect of Low-Level Laser Therapy on Hair Cell Regeneration Following Gentamicin-Induced Ototoxicity in Postnatal Organotypic Culture of Rat Cochlea

research Effect of Low-Level Laser Therapy on Hair Cell Regeneration Following Gentamicin-Induced Ototoxicity in Postnatal Organotypic Culture of Rat Cochlea

1 citations, February 2010 in “Proceedings of SPIE”

Low level laser therapy may help regenerate hair cells in the ear after damage from gentamicin.

research Temporary Cell Cycle Arrest in Human Scalp Hair Follicles and Their Epithelial Stem Cells by ALRN-6924: A Novel Strategy to Selectively Protect p53-Wildtype Cells Against Paclitaxel-Induced Alopecia

1 citations, November 2022 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

ALRN-6924 may prevent hair loss caused by chemotherapy.

research Transepidermal UV Radiation of Human Scalp Skin Induces Distinctive Hair Follicle Damage, Mitigated by Topical Caffeine Treatment

April 2019 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

Caffeine can protect scalp hair follicles from damage caused by UV radiation.

research Hair Loss Due to Electromagnetic Radiation from Overuse of Cell Phone

4 citations, January 2016 in “Journal of cosmetology & trichology”

Excessive cell phone use may cause hair loss due to electromagnetic radiation.

research Differential Effects of Melatonin as a Broad Range UV-Damage Preventive Dermato-Endocrine Regulator

31 citations, January 2011 in “Dermato-endocrinology”

Melatonin protects skin against UV damage by regulating various cellular processes.

research Sesn2/AMPK/mTOR Signaling Mediates Balance Between Survival and Apoptosis in Sensory Hair Cells Under Stress

21 citations, October 2017 in “Cell death and disease”

Sesn2 protects inner ear hair cells from damage by regulating certain cell survival pathways.

research Stem Cells and Aberrant Signaling of Molecular Systems in Skin Aging

25 citations, November 2014 in “Ageing Research Reviews”

Skin aging is caused by stem cell damage and can potentially be delayed with treatments like antioxidants and stem cell therapy.

research Beneficial Effects of Melatonin on Changes in Acute Necrotizing Pancreatitis Ultrastructure in Rats

January 2010

Melatonin may protect against cell damage in pancreatitis.

research Early Stage Alopecia Areata Is Associated With Inflammation in the Upper Dermis and Damage to the Hair Follicle Infundibulum

22 citations, June 2013 in “Australasian Journal of Dermatology”

Early stage bald spots are linked to skin inflammation and damage to the upper part of the hair follicle.

research Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Protects From Immune Privilege Collapse and Scarring Hair Follicle Destruction

April 2023 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology”

Blocking EGFR can lead to hair loss due to inflammation and stem cell damage.

research OR2AT4, an Ectopic Olfactory Receptor, Suppresses Oxidative Stress-Induced Senescence in Human Keratinocytes

6 citations, November 2022 in “Antioxidants”

OR2AT4 helps reduce aging and cell damage in human skin cells.

research Does Nicastrin Deficiency Cause Melanocytotoxicity in Human Skin as in the Fish Counterpart?

May 2021 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology”

Nicastrin deficiency may cause skin cell damage and pigmentation disorders in humans, similar to effects seen in fish.

Melatonin Alleviates Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation/Reperfusion-Induced Pyroptosis of HEI-OC1 Cells and Cochlear Hair Cells via MT-1,2/Nrf2/ROS/NLRP3 Pathway

research Melatonin Alleviates Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation/Reperfusion-Induced Pyroptosis of HEI-OC1 Cells and Cochlear Hair Cells via MT-1,2/Nrf2/ROS/NLRP3 Pathway

5 citations, November 2022 in “Molecular Neurobiology”

Melatonin may protect inner ear cells from damage by reducing cell death and oxidative stress, potentially treating sudden hearing loss.

research The Structural and Functional Aspects of Hair Cell Regeneration in the Chick as a Result of Exposure to Intense Sound

63 citations, January 1992 in “Experimental Neurology”

Chickens exposed to loud noise can quickly regain hearing mostly due to repair of the tectorial membrane, not just hair cell regeneration.

research Ultrastructural Evaluation of the Radioprotective Effects of Melatonin Against X-Ray-Induced Skin Damage in Albino Rats

52 citations, January 2005 in “International journal of experimental pathology”

Melatonin may reduce skin damage caused by X-rays in rats.