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The gut microbiome affects the development of alopecia areata.

This case report describes a 29-year-old woman with longstanding alopecia areata who experienced improvement in her scalp hair loss after 7 years of topical treatment with squaric acid dibutylester.

This study identified KRT82 as a significant Alopecia Areata risk gene, finding that rare damaging variants are linked to elevated immune cell infiltration around hair follicles in affected individuals.

This paper proposes that the induction of HF-specific neo-antigens by peripheral CD8+ T cells may maintain self-tolerance but could also lead to immunopathology in conditions like alopecia areata.

This case report describes the first known instance of fixed drug eruption linked to finasteride, confirmed through an oral challenge test that reproduced symptoms at the same skin site.

Postmenopausal women may experience frontal hairline and eyebrow loss due to cicatricial fibrosis.

In this study, researchers prepared a humanized CXCL12 antibody for alopecia areata treatment, finding it significantly delayed disease onset in mice and reduced immune cell activation, suggesting potential as an immune modulatory therapy.

This study explored the immune environment of the hair follicle's bulge region and suggested that its unique signaling may prevent melanoma formation by lacking necessary proinflammatory signals for full oncogenic transformation, indicating potential strategies for melanoma prevention by replicating this immune-privileged environment.

A man was diagnosed with a rare form of lupus after showing unique skin symptoms that responded well to treatment.

This study found that combining follicular unit extraction with topical calcipotriol betamethasone dipropionate showed the best repigmentation results in treating stable nonsegmental vitiligo.

This case study suggests that autoimmunity involving cytotoxic CD8+ T cells may link alopecia areata and human T-cell lymphotropic virus-1-associated myelopathy in adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma patients.

This study observed that expanding regulatory T cells in the skin of mice with alopecia areata did not reverse the condition, indicating that additional immunotherapy may be necessary.

Harris et al. describe a new mouse model for vitiligo, where interfollicular melanocytes are retained and melanocyte-targeting immune responses are simulated, aiding the development of immunomodulatory therapies.

This article reports that cocaine injections can lead to skin lesions containing talc crystals at the sites of injection.

This study explored peripheral blood immune dysregulation in alopecia areata through single-cell analyses, identifying systemic changes linked to disease severity and key signaling roles for monocytes, NK cells, and memory T cells, suggesting potential therapeutic targets.

In this study, researchers identified 173 differentially expressed genes in alopecia areata patients linked to immune and hair follicle pathways, constructed a regulatory network involving mRNA, miRNA, and lncRNA, and highlighted CD8A and FOXD2-AS1 as potential diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets.

This study found that treatment with EGFR inhibitors or mitogen-activated kinase inhibitors may compromise the immune privilege of human scalp hair follicles, suggesting new directions for managing drug-induced folliculitis.

In this case report, a severe case of pediatric alopecia areata was treated with topical ruxolitinib, a Janus kinase inhibitor, highlighting the limited but promising evidence for this treatment in children.

In this narrative review, researchers outlined the role of T cells in the autoimmune pathogenesis of alopecia areata and highlighted ongoing research into therapeutic pathways, beyond current JAK inhibitors, aimed at developing new treatments for the disease.

This study found that topical application of Astragalus membranaceus extract induced hair regrowth and reduced immune response markers in mice with natural hair loss.

In this case study, the progression of alopecia universalis in a Japanese man was linked to the involvement of Th1 and Th17 cells, suggesting an autoimmune mechanism.

This review discusses the complex role of immune disturbances and the JAK-STAT pathway in alopecia areata, noting the success of JAK inhibitors in treatment, while highlighting ongoing debates and challenges in targeting other pathways like IL-17 and TNF-α.

This study found that patients with alopecia areata exhibited increased CRHR1 expression on circulating monocytes compared to controls, suggesting that stress-related factors like CRH and CRHR1 may contribute to the development and progression of the condition, particularly in chronic cases and those with larger lesions.

This review discusses the association between emotional stress-related neuropeptides and the pathogenesis of alopecia areata, reporting no new experimental findings.

This study constructed a model using serum levels of BMP2, CD8A, PRF1, and XCL1 as a non-invasive biomarker to accurately predict recurrence in patients with alopecia areata.

This study suggests that IL-17 may play a more significant role than IFN-γ in the pathogenesis of chronic alopecia areata, with increasing severity linked to Th17 lymphocytes and cytotoxic T lymphocyte infiltration.

This research suggests that innate lymphoid cells type 1 (ILC1) may contribute to the development of alopecia areata, alongside CD8+ T cells, by disrupting hair follicle immune privilege and promoting features of the disease.

This study reported that the most reliable way to differentiate alopecia areata from androgenic alopecia is by detecting intrafollicular CD3 and CD8 cell density, with CD3 being the most specific and sensitive marker.

In this study, increased production of CXCL10 was associated with the infiltration of Th1 and Tc1 cells in acute alopecia areata, suggesting a possible new target for treatment.

A patient's skin rash did not affect the area where a previous viral rash was healing, suggesting a rare immune response.