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This review discusses the mechanisms behind alopecia areata and primary cicatricial alopecia and reports no new clinical results, aiming to guide the development of targeted treatments.

In this study, selective inhibition of JAK3 signaling effectively prevented and reversed alopecia areata in a mouse model, while JAK2 inhibitors did not restore hair growth.

This study showed that in C3H/HeJ mice, focal follicular inflammation starts before overt hair loss, with inflammation severity possibly reaching a threshold causing hair follicle dystrophy prior to visible hair loss.

In this study, researchers observed that follicular damage and stem cell loss in frontal fibrosing alopecia may be mediated by immune attacks at the bulge region, suggesting potential for JAK/STAT-targeting treatments to prevent progression.

This review discusses the role of immune responses, especially Th1 cytokines, in alopecia areata pathogenesis and reports no new research findings.

In this study, iNKT10 cells were found to play a significant role in preventing and treating alopecia areata in a humanized mouse model, suggesting these cells could have potential in managing related autoimmune disorders.

In this study, single-cell sequencing revealed clonal expansions of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in murine and human alopecia areata, supporting the development of predictive models for human disease.

In this study, researchers found that serum granulysin levels might serve as a novel marker for disease activity in acute alopecia areata, being significantly associated with broader bald skin areas, poorer prognosis, and co-existing allergic disorders.

In this study using a mouse model and human data, researchers found that CD8+ T cells are central to driving alopecia areata, while regulatory T cells offer some protection, highlighting CD8+ T cells as key targets for future therapy development.

This review compiles existing data on frontal fibrosing alopecia and highlights the promise of 5-alpha reductase inhibitors as a treatment option, while noting the need for clarity on its cause and progression.

This study found a significant reduction in Treg cell frequency in alopecia areata compared to other autoimmune and non-autoimmune skin diseases using immunohistochemical staining.

This report describes two cases where patients developed alopecia while undergoing treatment for psoriasis with IL-17 inhibitors, suggesting an unexpected paradoxical reaction.

This study found that ginsenoside Rg3 up-regulates vascular endothelial growth factor expression in human dermal papilla cells and mouse hair follicles, suggesting its potential role in promoting hair growth.

This study found that IFN-γ plays a critical role in T cell activation and the pathogenesis of alopecia areata in C3H/HeJ mice.

This study found that mechlorethamine restored hair growth in mice with alopecia-areata-like disease by eliminating infiltrated lymphocytes and inhibiting certain pro-inflammatory cytokines in treated skin areas.

This study indicates that innate lymphoid cells-type 1 may provoke alopecia areata by disrupting hair follicle immune privilege and inducing characteristic lesions, challenging the view that alopecia areata is purely an autoantigen-dependent, T cell-driven condition.

This study found that Th17 lymphocytes may play a more crucial role than cytotoxic T cells in the development of alopecia areata due to their infiltration around the hair bulb/bulge, which exacerbates hair loss as histopathological grade worsens.

In this study, gene expression analysis of plucked hair follicles from scalp lesions was sufficient to differentiate chronic discoid lupus erythematosus from psoriasis and healthy controls, suggesting a non-invasive diagnostic potential.

This review summarizes the pathophysiology and immune mechanisms of inflammatory skin diseases like psoriasis and atopic dermatitis, highlighting the therapeutic potential of targeted immunotherapies, but reports no new clinical results.

This study found significantly higher levels of the protein ULBP3 in patients with alopecia areata incognita compared to other hair loss conditions and healthy controls, suggesting ULBP3's potential as a diagnostic marker for AAI.

In this study, symmetrical acrokeratoderma was observed to frequently occur alongside ichthyosis vulgaris, with no specific therapy available for the condition.

In this study, researchers found that in mouse models of alopecia areata, the expression of immune-regulating molecules PD-L1 and PD-L2 in dermal fibroblasts is increased by activated T cells, potentially indicating a lack of negative immune control in affected skin.

This study characterized a novel form of mural folliculitis in dogs, resembling human pseudopelade, marked by persistent alopecia, lymphocyte infiltration, and severe follicular atrophy without effective treatment response.

This study identified seven genes that may serve as biomarkers for diagnosing skin cutaneous melanoma by analyzing the relationship between UV exposure, ferroptosis, and the cancer's pathology.

This study found hair regrowth in the majority of AA-affected mice and rats treated with diphencyprone, suggesting its potential utility for understanding human alopecia areata and the drug's therapeutic action.

This study found that patients with RASopathies have lower serum IgA and CD8 levels compared to controls, indicating a potential risk for developing autoimmune disorders.

This commentary reviews the evidence for microinflammation's role in pattern hair loss and suggests that further studies with age- and sex-matched controls are needed to substantiate the findings.

This mathematical model of alopecia areata illustrates how inflammatory autoimmune responses interrupt the anagen phase of hair growth, and may help evaluate treatments and identify new therapeutic targets.

This research highlights that JAK inhibitors, such as baricitinib, may effectively reverse symptoms of alopecia areata by targeting specific immune pathways, though safety and efficacy require further investigation.

This study found that zinc treatment in alopecia areata patients may increase CD8+ cells, suggesting its effectiveness could be due to immunomodulation.