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Glossary Activin

protein regulating cell growth and hair follicle development

Activin is a protein that plays a crucial role in regulating various biological processes, including cell growth, inflammation, and hormone secretion. It is particularly important in the context of hair biology, as it can influence hair follicle development and cycling, potentially impacting conditions like alopecia.

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Overexpression of Activin A in the Skin of Transgenic Mice Reveals New Activities in Epidermal Morphogenesis, Dermal Fibrosis, and Wound Repair

research Overexpression of activin A in the skin of transgenic mice reveals new activities of activin in epidermal morphogenesis, dermal fibrosis and wound repair

204 citations , October 1999 in “EMBO journal”

This study found that overexpression of activin in transgenic mice led to enhanced granulation tissue formation after skin injury due to changes in keratinocyte proliferation and differentiation.

research Impaired wound healing in transgenic mice overexpressing the activin antagonist follistatin in the epidermis

163 citations , October 2001 in “EMBO journal”

This study found that endogenous activin plays a crucial role in wound healing and scar formation, as its inhibition led to delayed wound healing and reduced scar size in transgenic mice.

research Expression and Function of Keratinocyte Growth Factor and Activin in Skin Morphogenesis and Cutaneous Wound Repair

113 citations , December 2000 in “The journal of investigative dermatology. Symposium proceedings/The Journal of investigative dermatology symposium proceedings”

This study reports that overexpression of activin in transgenic mice enhances granulation tissue formation during wound healing, highlighting a novel role for activin in cutaneous repair processes.

Activin Controls Skin Morphogenesis and Wound Repair Predominantly via Stromal Cells and in a Concentration-Dependent Manner via Keratinocytes

research Activin Controls Skin Morphogenesis and Wound Repair Predominantly via Stromal Cells and in a Concentration-Dependent Manner via Keratinocytes

81 citations , September 2005 in “The American journal of pathology”

This study found that activin affects both stromal cells and keratinocytes in skin morphogenesis and repair, with dose-dependent effects on keratinocytes demonstrated through transgenic mouse models.

research Control of pelage hair follicle development and cycling by complex interactions between follistatin and activin

81 citations , January 2003 in “The FASEB Journal”

This study found that follistatin and activin interactions are important for hair follicle development and cycling in mice, suggesting that they may regulate processes involving BMP-2 and its antagonist.

research The roles of activins in repair processes of the skin and the brain

52 citations , July 2001 in “Molecular and cellular endocrinology”

This study found that activin A significantly enhances wound healing by stimulating granulation tissue formation and re-epithelialization in mice, and suggests potential in developing treatments for stroke and brain trauma.

research Conditional Activin Receptor Type 1B (Acvr1b) Knockout Mice Reveal Hair Loss Abnormality

46 citations , December 2010 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology”

This study found that Acvr1b signaling is crucial for both hair follicle development and cycling in mice, with the genetic disruption leading to hair loss and a thickened epidermis.

The Activin Binding Proteins Follistatin and Follistatin-Related Protein Are Differentially Regulated In Vitro and During Cutaneous Wound Repair

research The activin binding proteins follistatin and follistatin-related protein are differentially regulated in vitro and during cutaneous wound repair

46 citations , December 2001 in “Journal of Endocrinology/Journal of endocrinology”

This study found that mouse FLRG protein, a secreted glycoprotein, is expressed in certain tissues and plays a role distinct from follistatin during wound healing, suggesting different functions in vivo.

research The role of activins and follistatins in skin and hair follicle development and function

45 citations , October 2008 in “Cytokine & Growth Factor Reviews”

This review discusses the role of activin signaling in hair follicle formation, hair growth cycling, and skin healing, but presents no new clinical findings.

research Activin B Promotes BMSC-Mediated Cutaneous Wound Healing by Regulating Cell Migration via the JNK—ERK Signaling Pathway

45 citations , April 2013 in “Cell Transplantation”

In this study, the researchers reported that activin B combined with bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells enhanced wound healing and hair follicle regeneration in rats by promoting cell migration through the ERK and JNK pathways.

GLI2-Specific Transcriptional Activation of the Bone Morphogenetic Protein/Activin Antagonist Follistatin in Human Epidermal Cells

research GLI2-specific Transcriptional Activation of the Bone Morphogenetic Protein/Activin Antagonist Follistatin in Human Epidermal Cells

39 citations , March 2008 in “Journal of biological chemistry/The Journal of biological chemistry”

This study found that GLI2 plays a key role in activating follistatin, an activin/BMP antagonist, in response to hedgehog signaling in human epidermal cells, with implications for hair follicle development and basal cell carcinoma.

research Activin B Promotes Epithelial Wound Healing In Vivo through RhoA-JNK Signaling Pathway

38 citations , September 2011 in “PLOS ONE”

This study found that activin B promotes epithelial wound healing in mice through the RhoA-Rock-JNK-cJun signaling pathway, suggesting a potential therapeutic role for activin B in wound repair.

research Regulatory T cells are required for normal and activin‐promoted wound repair in mice

29 citations , February 2018 in “European Journal of Immunology”

In this study, Treg depletion impaired skin wound healing in mice, potentially by altering the cytokine environment and expanding certain T-cell populations, disrupting the normal healing process.

research Activin B Stimulates Mouse Vibrissae Growth and Regulates Cell Proliferation and Cell Cycle Progression of Hair Matrix Cells through ERK Signaling

23 citations , February 2019 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences”

This study found that Activin B at 10 ng/mL may promote vibrissae follicle growth in mice by enhancing hair matrix cell proliferation and cell cycle progression via ERK signaling pathways.

research A counter gradient of Activin A and follistatin instructs the timing of hair cell differentiation in the murine cochlea

15 citations , June 2019 in “eLife”

This study identified Activin A and follistatin as key regulators of hair cell differentiation in the mammalian auditory sensory epithelium, with Activin A signaling influencing the timing and pattern of cell differentiation.

Activin A-Induced Signaling Controls Hair Follicle Neogenesis

research Activin A-induced signalling controls hair follicle neogenesis

5 citations , October 2016 in “Experimental Dermatology”

This study found that activin A signaling is crucial for hair follicle neogenesis in human dermal papilla 3D cultures combined with mouse epidermal cells.

research Activin B Promotes Initiation and Development of Hair Follicles in Mice

5 citations , January 2013 in “Cells Tissues Organs”

This study found that activin B promotes the initiation and development of hair follicles in both cultured and neonatal mouse skin models.

research Author response: A counter gradient of Activin A and follistatin instructs the timing of hair cell differentiation in the murine cochlea

May 2019

This study identified Activin A and its antagonist follistatin as crucial regulators of hair cell differentiation in mice, suggesting a local gradient of Activin A influences auditory sensory epithelium development.

research Decision letter: A counter gradient of Activin A and follistatin instructs the timing of hair cell differentiation in the murine cochlea

May 2019

This study identifies Activin A and follistatin as key regulators of hair cell differentiation in the mouse auditory sensory epithelium, influencing the timing and pattern of hair cell development.

research Activin/Nodal signalling in stem cells

194 citations , February 2015 in “Development”

This review discusses the Activin/Nodal signalling pathway's role in stem cell function and its implications in cancer therapy, reporting no new experimental results but highlighting future research questions.

research Faculty Opinions recommendation of A counter gradient of Activin A and follistatin instructs the timing of hair cell differentiation in the murine cochlea.

July 2019 in “Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature”

Activin A speeds up ear hair cell differentiation, while Follistatin slows it down.

research Supplementary Material for: Activin B Promotes Initiation and Development of Hair Follicles in Mice

January 2013

This study found that activin B promotes the initiation and development of hair follicles in cultured and neonatal mice.

research Activin A and Follistatin influence hair follicle development in mice

January 2007

Activin A and Follistatin affect how mouse hair follicles grow.

research Rupert Raj’s Written Acts of Activism and Care Throughout the 1980s and 1990s

January 2025 in “Amplify A Journal of Writing-as-Activism”

This study highlights how Rupert Raj's activism and writing in the 1980s and 1990s played a crucial role in supporting the Canadian trans community by sharing important transgender research and creating accessible publications that bridged gaps between trans individuals and the medical/psychological community.

research Overexpression of Smad7 results in severe pathological alterations in multiple epithelial tissues

111 citations , June 2002 in “The EMBO Journal”

This study found that overexpression of Smad7 in transgenic mice led to severe alterations in multiple epithelial tissues, resulting in early death after birth.

research TGF-β Family Signaling in Epithelial Differentiation and Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition

82 citations , February 2017 in “Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology”

The TGF-β family helps control how cells change and move, affecting skin, hair, and organ development.

research The Role of Smads in Skin Development

59 citations , March 2008 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology”

This review examines the roles of Smad-4 and Smad-7 in hair follicle differentiation and development through BMP signaling and TGFβ/Activin/BMP pathway inhibition but reports no new experimental results.

research Expression of Foxi3 is regulated by ectodysplasin in skin appendage placodes

43 citations , February 2013 in “Developmental dynamics”

This study found that Eda and activin A regulate Foxi3 expression, which may contribute to the development of hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia by affecting Foxi3 activity in ectodermal appendages like hair and teeth.

research Single-Cell RNA Profiling of Human Skin Reveals Age-Related Loss of Dermal Sheath Cells and Their Contribution to a Juvenile Phenotype

37 citations , January 2022 in “Frontiers in Genetics”

This study found that dermal sheath stem cell characteristics are lost with aging in humans, affecting skin rejuvenation and structure, and identified specific proteins like Activin A influencing keratinocyte and fibroblast activity.

research Keratinocyte-derived follistatin regulates epidermal homeostasis and wound repair

28 citations , December 2008 in “Laboratory investigation”

This study observed that selectively activating activin in the epidermis of mice enhanced reepithelialization during wound healing without altering the quality of the healed wound.