Search
for

    Did you mean 2D:4D ratio?
    Glossary 2D:4D ratio

    relative length of index to ring finger

    The 2D:4D ratio, also known as the digit ratio, refers to the comparative length of the second digit (index finger) to the fourth digit (ring finger). This ratio is often used as a biomarker for prenatal hormone exposure, with a lower ratio (shorter index finger relative to the ring finger) typically indicating higher exposure to testosterone, and a higher ratio indicating higher exposure to estrogen. This measure has been linked to various biological and behavioral traits, including susceptibility to certain diseases and conditions.

    Related Terms

    Sort by

    Research 30 of 1000+

    1. Can the Second to Fourth Digit Ratio (2D : 4D) Be a Marker to Determine Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity? Disease Markers · 2019 · 3 citations
    2. Digit-length ratios (2D:4D) as a phenotypic indicator of in utero androgen exposure is not prognostic for androgenic alopecia: a descriptive-analytic study of 1200 Iranian men Dermatology Reports · 2016 · 3 citations
    3. An isolated, implausibly large effect in a case-control study of digit ratio (2D:4D) and male androgenetic alopecia: Comment on Unal (J Cosmet Dermatol 2018;17(3):545-548) 2021
    4. The Use of 2D: 4D Digit Ratio as a Predictor of Androgenetic Alopecia: A Review Dermatology practical & conceptual · 2023
    5. Are 2D:4D finger-length ratios an indicator of androgenetic alopecia in males? Anais Brasileiros De Dermatologia · 2016 · 8 citations
    6. Association between digit ratio (2D:4D) and palmaris longus muscle agenesis according to gender: a radiological study Anatomy (International Journal of Experimental and Clinical Anatomy) · 2025
    7. Digit ratio 2D:4D is a possible indicator for androgenetic alopecia in males Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology · 2017 · 4 citations
    8. No Evidence that 2D:4D is Related to the Number of CAG Repeats in the Androgen Receptor Gene Frontiers in Endocrinology · 2013 · 40 citations
    9. Akne Vulgaris Hastalarında İkinci Parmağın Dördüncü Parmağa Oranının (2D:4D) ve Otizm Puanlarının Sağlıklı Kontroller ile Karşılaştırılması AYBU AVESIS · 2020
    10. Second-to-fourth digit ratio and seborrheic dermatitis in males: a cross-sectional study* Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia · 2019 · 5 citations
    11. ANTHROPOMETRIC ASSESSMENT OF DIGIT LENGTHS AND DIGIT RATIOS OFVITILIGO SUBJECTS IN PORT HARCOURT, RIVERS STATE Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) · 2021
    12. The Relationship of the 2nd: 4th Digit Ratio to the Maxillary Sinus Volume in Men Biomedical Journal of Scientific and Technical Research · 2018
    13. Second to Fourth Digit Ratio in Patients with Hirsutism and Its Correlation with Hormonal Assay Benha Journal of Applied Sciences · 2018
    14. 1451 THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN MALE PATTERN BALDNESS AND SECOND TO FORTH FINGER RATIO WITH PROSTATE CANCER- A PROSPECTIVE COHORT STUDY The Journal of Urology · 2012
    15. Second-to-fourth digit ratio and age predicting the severity of androgenetic alopecia: a cross-sectional study The Aging Male · 2022
    16. Is There an Association Between Male Alopecia Areata and the Ratio of Second to Fourth Finger Length? Turkish Journal of Dermatology · 2024
    17. 5 Dihydrotestosterone metabolism Clinics in endocrinology and metabolism · 1986 · 22 citations
    18. Hormonal Profile and Anthropometric Indices As Determinants of Metabolic Risk in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Prospective Observational Study Cureus · 2026
    19. Is Prenatal Sex Hormone Balance a Risk Factor for the Development of Hidradenitis Suppurativa 2025 · 1 citations
    20. Patient reported androgen driven phenotypes do not associate with biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy UTUPub (University of Turku) · 2020
    21. An In Situ Chemotherapy Drug Combined with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor for Chemoimmunotherapy Nanomaterials · 2023 · 1 citations
    22. Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Supramolecular Features of Novel 2,4-Diaminopyrimidine Salts Crystals · 2024 · 5 citations
    23. Sodium chloride reduces growth and cytosolic calcium, but does not affect cytosolic pH, in root hairs of Arabidopsis thaliana L. Journal of Experimental Botany · 2003 · 69 citations
    24. ВЛИЯНИЕ АНДРОГЕННОГО СТАТУСА И АНТИАНДРОГЕННОЙ ТЕРАПИИ НА ТЕЧЕНИЕ COVID-19 У МУЖЧИН Проблемы эндокринологии · 2020
    25. Hydrogen Sulfide Disturbs Actin Polymerization via <i>S</i>-Sulfhydration Resulting in Stunted Root Hair Growth Plant physiology · 2018 · 75 citations
    26. Stimulation of hair regrowth in an animal model of androgenic alopecia using 2-deoxy-D-ribose Frontiers in pharmacology · 2024
    27. ROS-scavenging microneedles loaded with <i>Portulaca oleracea</i> L.-derived exosomes for atopic dermatitis therapy Nano Research · 2025 · 1 citations
    28. Immunomodulatory Effects of Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) on Neuroinflammation: Insights from B92 Glial Cells Stimulated with Heat-Killed Escherichia coli 2025
    29. Appearance and Internal Aging Springer eBooks · 2016
    30. Use of extracellular matrix hydrogel from human placenta to restore hair-inductive potential of dermal papilla cells Regenerative Medicine · 2019 · 31 citations