79 citations
,
March 1999 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” This study found that procyanidin oligomers, particularly dimers and trimers, significantly promoted hair growth in mice and hair epithelial cell cultures, suggesting potential use as hair growth agents.
28 citations
,
December 2005 in “Journal of cosmetic dermatology” This study found that 0.7% apple procyanidin oligomers applied externally for six months significantly increased hair growth in men with male pattern baldness compared to placebo, with no observed adverse effects.
14 citations
,
January 2006 in “Skin pharmacology and physiology” This study found that procyanidin oligomers from apples and barley may stimulate hair growth by promoting hair epithelial cell proliferation and protecting them from apoptosis via MEK activation in a murine model.
10 citations
,
January 2011 in “Skin research and technology” This study found that procyanidin oligomers bind to keratin and inhibit oxidative hair damage, suggesting their potential use in protective hair care products.
282 citations
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April 2007 in “Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry” This study found that apple polyphenol extract, particularly oligomeric procyanidins, inhibited pancreatic lipase activity and reduced triglyceride absorption in both mice and humans.