31 citations
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November 2003 in “Journal of Occupational Health” This study found that the reproductive function of female hairdressers may be negatively affected by long-term exposure to permanent-waving solutions containing thioglycolic acid, raising concerns about its potential carcinogenic effects.
9 citations
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June 1947 in “Analytical Chemistry” Cold waving solutions quickly reduce cystine to cysteine in hair.
10 citations
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January 2012 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science” This study found that thioglycolic acid molecules in hair treatments are primarily located in intrafibrillar unordered areas, where they redistribute disulfide bonds.
January 2014 in “Sen i Gakkaishi” In this study, liposome-encapsulated thioglycolic acid improved hair perming by enhancing the penetration of perm solutions, resulting in a stronger S-shaped wave and higher cysteine content compared to the control.
March 2023 in “Asian journal of beauty & cosmetology” This study found that applying a keratin solution improved tensile strength, reduced absorbance, and increased gloss in damaged hair compared to untreated hair.