December 2020 in “Galen Medical Journal” This study found that patients with alopecia areata and androgenic alopecia had significantly increased mast cell infiltration, which was influenced by age and disease severity, especially in alopecia areata.
December 2020 in “Galen Medical Journal” This study observed that patients with alopecia areata and androgenic alopecia have significantly more perifollicular and perivascular mast cells compared to healthy individuals, particularly in those over 40 and with greater disease severity.
April 2018 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” This study found that electrical epilation in organ-cultured human scalp skin perturbs hair follicles by causing inflammation, impairing melanin production, and possibly inhibiting post-epilation hair re-growth.
January 2026 in “Clinical Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology” This study found that targeting both hormonal and immune pathways improved treatment outcomes in androgenetic alopecia patients with an under-recognized inflammatory component called PIILIF, which may contribute to treatment resistance.
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December 2011 in “Experimental Dermatology” This study suggests that the neuropeptide CGRP may protect against, but not restore, IFNγ-induced collapse of hair follicle immune privilege in alopecia areata.