- How does tofacitinib differ when used orally versus topically in hair loss treatment research? Oral tofacitinib acts on immune signalling throughout the body and has the stronger regrowth evidence in alopecia areata, alongside an FDA boxed warning; topical tofacitinib aims to act only on the scalp, but the human evidence is a handful of small compounded-formulation studies with no large randomized trial. Neither route is approved for hair loss, and regrowth generally reverses after treatment stops.
A vasodilator used on the scalp (over the counter) and, off-label, as a low-dose prescription tablet for pattern hair loss.
a prescription anticonvulsant and known teratogen that has been studied experimentally for hair loss; oral valproate commonly causes hair loss
A nonsteroidal antiandrogen licensed for prostate cancer; sometimes prescribed off-label for female pattern hair loss, with liver monitoring. Not for use in pregnancy.
a synthetic anti-androgen and weak progestogen that inhibits DHT binding to androgen receptor
A stronger DHT blocker than finasteride, approved for hair loss only in South Korea and Japan and off-label elsewhere, with the same class of side effects and a much longer washout.