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This study found that activating liver X receptors with an agonist reduced skin fibrosis in experimental models, particularly in inflammation-driven conditions, by inhibiting macrophage infiltration and interleukin-6 release.

This study found significantly higher levels of Toll-Like Receptor 4, interferon gamma, and interleukin-17 in Iraqi patients with alopecia areata compared to controls, suggesting these immune markers play a crucial role in the disease's development and could be targets for future treatments.

In this mouse study, the researchers found that the monoclonal antibody ME1 causes hair follicle inflammation by up-regulating TNFα, which can be reduced by TNFα and interleukin-1 inhibitors.

This study suggests that interleukin-1 α influences dermal papilla cell activity by modifying androgen receptor expression and increasing the secretion of several growth factors and cytokines.

This study found that inhibiting EGFR and MEK in hair follicles may lead to a partial collapse of the immune privilege in the follicles and increased secretion of IL-33.