July 2026 in “Expert Review of Clinical Immunology” This review highlights that alopecia areata is characterized by three immune endotypes, and while JAK inhibitors offer temporary control, upcoming multi-omics diagnostics and immune reprogramming strategies may achieve longer-lasting remission, according to this analysis.
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January 2021 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology” This study observed that atopic dermatitis severity was associated with higher eosinophil counts and FLG variants, suggesting distinct endotypes that may require tailored treatment approaches.
November 2025 in “Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology” In this study, single-cell RNA sequencing of hair follicle populations from hidradenitis suppurativa patients identified three endotypes, suggesting distinct epithelial-immune interactions that may guide stratified therapeutic approaches.
January 2026 in “DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)” This study evaluated 129 patients with androgenetic alopecia and identified an inflammatory pattern of perifollicular infiltration linked to treatment resistance. Targeting both hormonal and immune pathways improved outcomes for 67% of patients, suggesting inflammation may play a role in some cases of stubborn hair loss.
January 2026 in “Clinical Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology” This study found that targeting both hormonal and immune pathways improved treatment outcomes in androgenetic alopecia patients with an under-recognized inflammatory component called PIILIF, which may contribute to treatment resistance.