December 2023 in “Research Square (Research Square)” This study found that IL-4 VNTR intron 3 and TNF-α (rs1799964) gene polymorphisms do not have a significant association with alopecia areata susceptibility in the Egyptian population.
July 2024 in “Egyptian Journal of Medical Human Genetics” In this case-control study, the researchers found no significant association between IL-4 VNTR intron 3 and TNF-α (rs1799964) gene polymorphisms and alopecia areata susceptibility among the Egyptian population.
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July 2013 in “Gene” This study found that intron 3 VNTR polymorphism in the IL-4 gene may be associated with an increased risk of alopecia areata in the Turkish population.
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May 2011 in “Human Immunology” This review discusses findings from genetic studies on acne, highlighting progress in understanding its molecular pathogenesis without reporting new clinical results.
May 2024 in “Frontiers in Immunology” In this mini-review, recent insights suggest a possible role of type-2-related immunity in diseases like alopecia areata, vitiligo, and localized scleroderma, though whether this immune response benefits or worsens these conditions remains unclear.