July 2025 in “The Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine” This study found that serum GPER-1 levels may serve as a biomarker for differentiating androgenetic alopecia from telogen effluvium and healthy controls, although its ability to distinguish between AGA and TE is limited.
October 2024 in “Archives of Dermatological Research” The study found that patients with androgenetic alopecia had higher serum GPER-1 levels, which were associated with disease severity and duration, indicating a potential estrogen-independent role of GPER-1 in the condition's pathogenesis.
July 2021 in “Archives of Dermatological Research” This study found that serum GPER-1 levels were significantly higher in patients with androgenetic alopecia compared to healthy controls, suggesting a potential role in the condition's pathogenesis, independent of gender.
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December 2015 in “Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews” In this study, several compounds, including estrogen and Dutasteride, showed neuroprotective effects on dopaminergic neurons in an MPTP mouse model of Parkinson's disease.
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June 2022 in “Frontiers in Neuroanatomy” This study found that neonatal blocking of androgen and estrogen pathways in rats altered sex-specific expression of estrogen and androgen receptors in adult pituitary and adrenal glands, potentially influencing lifelong neuroendocrine function.