November 2020 in “Ukraïnsʹkij žurnal sučasnih problem toksikologìï” Minoxidil lotion may harm male reproductive health.
77 citations
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June 2015 in “Nature Reviews Urology” Some common medications can harm male fertility, but many effects can be reversed.
February 2026 in “Andrology” Post-orchidectomy semen has better DNA integrity for fertility treatments.
January 2026 in “Frontiers in Pharmacology” Certain drugs can cause male infertility, so fertility counseling and sperm preservation are advised.
28 citations
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October 2018 in “Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology” Testosterone therapy seems safe and effective for transgender men with proper care, but more long-term research is needed.