29 citations
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August 2011 in “PubMed” This study found that selected polymeric pretreatments on hair can significantly reduce breakage and protect against thermal damage from hot flat irons by maintaining cuticle integrity and moisture.
August 2021 in “International Journal of Research in Dermatology” This article reviews various hair straightening methods, discussing their mechanisms and potential effects on hair, but it reports no new clinical results.
11 citations
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June 2013 in “PubMed” This study found that controlled thermal straightening can achieve irreversible smoothing of curly hair without chemicals, with effectiveness dependent on temperature and cycles, and silicone enhancing straightening quality.
2 citations
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January 2014 in “Sen i Gakkaishi” This study verified that a new straightening process involving a flat iron, ammonium thioglycolate, and hydrogen peroxide may permanently straighten wavy hair by eliminating disulfide bond distortions.
4 citations
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June 2019 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science” This study developed mathematical models showing that heat penetrates individual hair quickly but takes longer to reach the center of hair bundles, helping understand potential damage from high-temperature styling tools.