April 2018 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” This study found that testosterone and dihydrotestosterone can induce growth factors from dermal fibroblasts, promoting keratinocyte proliferation and differentiation, which may contribute to sex hormone-related acne development.
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March 2022 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences” This study found that FGF21 suppresses inflammation induced by C. acnes in both human skin cells and mouse models, suggesting potential use in acne treatment.
November 2024 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” This study explored the effects of red ginseng-derived components on aging skin cells and found they do not have senolytic properties but can alleviate signs of cellular aging and improve skin cell function by reducing senescence markers and inflammation.
January 2020 in “Global dermatology” This study investigated the effects of GFC with FGF5s and NMN at a depth of 0.8 mm using a microneedle for treating hair loss, but the abstract provides no measurable results.
September 2017 in “Journal of Clinical Dermatology” This study found that applying a growth factor cocktail including FGF9 with microneedling significantly increased hair density and diameter in patients with androgenetic alopecia, with similar results regardless of microneedle depths between 0.5 mm and 0.8 mm.