July 2001 in “APMIS. Acta pathologica, microbiologica et immunologica Scandinavica./APMIS” This article reviews the potential causes of insufficient androgen action during fetal development, such as enzyme and receptor gene mutations or environmental disruptors, but reports no new results.
111 citations
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May 2001 in “Human reproduction update” This review discusses the role of genetic mutations and environmental endocrine disruptors in insufficient androgen action, which can result in conditions like hypospadias, cryptorchidism, and micropenis, during male fetal development.
January 2020 in “Research Portal Denmark” This study concludes that anti-androgenic chemicals causing short anogenital distance in male fetuses also induce a feminized transcriptional profile in the perineum, implicating Wnt and estrogen signaling in the process.
62 citations
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August 2018 in “Frontiers in Endocrinology” This review discusses the physiological roles of ovarian androgens in follicle development and atresia, emphasizing their contributions to polycystic ovary syndrome and normal follicle maturation but provides no new clinical results.
53 citations
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January 1986 in “Endocrinology” This rat study suggests that 5α-dihydrotestosterone plays a critical role in inhibiting nipple development in male fetuses by causing the regression of the nipple anlage in utero.