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This study found that waving virgin human hair with thioglycerol at pH 9.0 using ammonia solution caused less damage than using thioglycolic acid, while maintaining good waving efficiency.

In this study, researchers found that L-cysteine interacted electrostatically with anionic ions on the surface of keratin fibers in human hair, reducing the rate of disulfide bond disconnection at pH 9.0.

In this study, the novel thiol-Michael click perming molecule, MA2-CySS, achieved repeatable perming with reduced oxidative damage, preserving hair keratin's structure while maintaining efficiency comparable to traditional oxidative methods.

This study found that at pH 9.0, CYS penetrated less and caused less damage to virgin human hair than TG because it barely reached the cortex region.

This study found that adding dithiodiglycolic acid to the hair straightening process decreased chemical damage and preserved the structural integrity of the hair matrix compared to using thioglycolic acid alone.