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research Human Peptidylarginine Deiminase Type III: Molecular Cloning and Nucleotide Sequence of the cDNA, Properties of the Recombinant Enzyme, and Immunohistochemical Localization in Human Skin

124 citations , November 2000 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology”

This study found that human peptidylarginine deiminase type III is the predominant isoform in hair follicles and may modulate structural proteins during hair and hair follicle formation.

research Molecular cloning of two novel types of peptidylarginine deiminase cDNAs from retinoic acid‐treated culture of a newborn rat keratinocyte cell line

39 citations , August 1998 in “FEBS Letters”

In this study, researchers identified two novel peptidylarginine deiminases from treated rat keratinocytes, both showing enzyme activity with PAD‐R11 reflecting a characteristic of epidermal enzymes.

research Ca ²⁺ -mediated protein citrullination regulates proliferation in the regenerating and malignant CNS

January 2026

This study found that Ca²⁺ signaling and peptidylarginine deiminase enzymes play a crucial role in activating neural stem cells in response to injury in zebrafish, suggesting potential therapeutic targets for CNS injuries and cancer.

research 481 Pathogenic variants affecting peptidyl arginine deiminase 3 and its major substrates underlie central centrifugal cicatricial alopecia

November 2024 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

Genetic changes in specific proteins contribute to hair loss in some women of African descent.

research Studies on the Proteome of Human Hair - Identification of Histones and Deamidated Keratins

54 citations , January 2018 in “Scientific reports”

This study used proteomics to identify various proteins in human hair, which may help develop novel biomarkers for hair health, disease, and aging.

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community Isn't it kind of strange that hair loss happens at where the 2 main superficial temporal arterty branches (temples and crown) are?

5 upvotes 3 years ago

Hair loss may be linked to blood flow and inflammation, with treatments like Minoxidil, finasteride, and quercetin being discussed. The conversation also mentions the role of 5AR enzyme distribution in hair follicles.

community Why does this industry still revolve around 5-AR inhibitors?

40 upvotes 5 years ago

Hair loss treatments still rely heavily on minoxidil, finasteride, and RU58841, with little innovation. Future treatments like stem cell therapy and RNA technology show promise but are not yet available.

community Finasteride 4 months way worse then when I started, shed or am I cooked? 19m

in Progress Pictures 169 upvotes 2 years ago

A 19-year-old experienced worsening hair loss after 4 months on finasteride, despite initial improvement with minoxidil. The consensus is to continue treatment for at least a year, as shedding is common and often temporary.

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learn Hydrolyzed proteins

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