43 citations
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September 2001 in “Scanning” Hair treatments like bleaching increase friction by exposing tiny pores on the hair surface.
42 citations
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April 2008 in “Acta materialia” This study investigated the tensile response and morphological changes of different ethnic hair types using AFM, showing variations between virgin, chemically damaged, and conditioner-treated Caucasian hair under different conditions.
October 2025 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science” This study found that longer-chain cationic surfactants like BTMC provided superior hair conditioning by reducing combing forces, but did not reverse oxidative hair damage, emphasizing the role of molecular structure in surfactant performance.
March 2009 in “CRC Press eBooks” This paper reviews how hair conditioners work, primarily by reducing combing forces through lubrication, and reports no new clinical findings.
19 citations
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July 2018 in “ACS biomaterials science & engineering” This study showed that chemical and mechanical treatments significantly alter the nanoscale surface properties of hair, affecting its roughness, mechanical stiffness, adhesion, and surface potential.