January 2018 in “Springer eBooks” Alopecia totalis/universalis is a severe form of hair loss where all body hair is lost.
July 2026 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Alopecia totalis/universalis involves more intense immune activity and inflammation than patchy alopecia areata.
146 citations
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July 2003 in “Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology” In this study, clobetasol propionate 0.05% ointment was found to induce hair regrowth in 28.5% of patients with severe alopecia areata under occlusive conditions, though long-term benefit was limited to 17.8%.
11 citations
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January 2018 in “Acta dermato-venereologica” In this study, oral tofacitinib showed higher efficacy and tolerability in treating refractory alopecia totalis and universalis compared to traditional treatments, achieving a 50% improvement in severity scores for 44.4% of patients over six months, with fewer adverse effects.
3 citations
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July 2023 in “International Journal of Trichology” This study found that treatment with diphenylcyclopropenone led to more than 75% hair regrowth in 33.3% of patients with alopecia totalis or alopecia universalis, despite notable side effects.