April 2020 in “Dermatology and therapy” In this study, the novel 5% minoxidil formulation significantly increased scalp hydration and decreased redness in Indian men with androgenetic alopecia compared to alcohol-based formulations.
This study compared the safety and effectiveness of 5% cetosomal minoxidil to 5% alcohol-based minoxidil in Indian men with androgenetic alopecia, finding that cetosomal minoxidil had improved safety and similar efficacy, making it a potentially better option for those sensitive to alcohol-based formulations.
April 2020 in “Dermatology and therapy” 
December 2025 in “International Journal of Research in Dermatology” In this survey, dermatologists in India reported preferring alcohol-free minoxidil combined with procapil and finasteride over traditional alcohol-based formulations for managing androgenetic alopecia, citing better tolerance and patient adherence.
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June 2021 in “International journal of pharmaceutical compounding” This study found that compounded minoxidil solutions in a propylene glycol-free and alcohol-reduced foam remained stable for 180 days, meeting United States Pharmacopeia standards for strength, pH, and antimicrobial effectiveness.
