February 2023 in “Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology” This study found that male patients with Androgenetic alopecia have higher serum leptin, lower vitamin D levels, and an altered adiponectin/leptin ratio, which may contribute to the disease's pathogenesis.
January 2026 in “Egyptian Journal of Dermatology and Venerology” This study found that androgenetic alopecia is associated with insulin resistance, elevated adipokines levels, and dyslipidemia in males, while female patients generally maintained a normal hormonal profile.
April 2026 in “JOJ Dermatology & Cosmetics” This review highlights that effective management of PCOS-related dermatological issues, such as hirsutism and acne, requires a multidisciplinary approach involving hormonal therapies, metabolic interventions, and lifestyle changes.
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January 2013 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” This study suggests that sexual dimorphism in adipose tissue functions may be linked to androgen levels, as women with PCOS demonstrated a more masculine adipokine expression pattern.
August 2014 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology” This letter discusses a study where obesity was linked to hirsutism but not androgenetic alopecia in children and adolescents, contrasting with previous findings in adult men.