23 citations
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June 2014 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science” This study reported that the treatment of hair with glyoxylic acid straighteners causes major conformational changes within the hair fiber due to interactions between carbonyl and keratin components.
October 2025 in “Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation” In this case report, a young woman experienced acute kidney injury linked to the use of a hair straightening product containing glyoxylic acid, suggesting dermal absorption may lead to calcium oxalate nephropathy; this highlights the need for regulatory review and public health intervention.
July 2026 in “Preprints.org” In this study, incorporating a novel amino acid compound into a hair-straightening formulation improved humidity-resistant straightening and enhanced the surface and mechanical properties of hair fibers, including increased bending stiffness, reduced friction, and better shape retention under high temperature and humidity conditions.
November 2022 in “International journal of trichology” This study found that glyoxylic acid caused more protein loss in hair compared to traditional alkaline straighteners, though both types of treatments showed comparable effects on hair tensile strength.
4 citations
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January 2021 in “Skin appendage disorders” This review discusses hair straightening techniques, products, and safety risks, providing guidance for dermatologists to advise patients effectively; it reports no new clinical results.
