In Vivo Wound-Healing and In Vitro Antibacterial and Antioxidant Properties of Carduus Adpressus Extract

The study investigated the antibacterial, antioxidant, and wound-healing properties of the methanolic extract of Carduus adpressus, a plant traditionally used for its anti-hair loss effect. The extract was tested on four types of bacteria, showing a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 62.5 μg/mL against Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis, and 125 μg/mL against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli. The extract also showed higher antioxidant activity in the ABTS assay compared to the DPPH assay. Wound-healing activity was tested on alloxan-induced diabetic BALB-c mice, with the Carduus adpressus group showing strong regeneration, epithelisation, and angiogenesis compared to the control group after 10 days. The expression of PDGF, VEGF, and collagen formation was also increased in the Carduus adpressus group. The study concluded that the extract demonstrated strong antibacterial, antioxidant, and wound-healing activities, indicating its potential use in developing wound-healing agents.