Role of Vitamins and Nutrition in Old Age as Immune Modulator with Future Prospective

Aging, defined as 60 years and above, brings changes that affect nutritional status, known as Geriatric Nutrition. Vitamins D, C, and E can enhance immune response against viruses. Reducing saturated fat intake and consuming mono- or polyunsaturated fats, along with sufficient ?-3 fatty acids, can improve visual acuity, hair loss, tissue inflammation, digestion, kidney function, and mental health. Older adults often consume less protein, leading to edema, anemia, and low infection resistance. Studies show up to 71% of hospitalized older adults are nutritionally vulnerable or malnourished, increasing their mortality risk.