Syphilis: The Great Imitator

The document from 2019 provides an overview of syphilis, a disease caused by Treponema pallidum, known for its wide range of symptoms that often mimic other diseases. It remains a significant public health issue globally. Primary syphilis presents with a painless ulcer, while secondary syphilis can cause various skin lesions and systemic symptoms. The latent stage is asymptomatic but can progress to tertiary syphilis if untreated. The paper notes that untreated syphilis can remain latent lifelong, with one-third of patients progressing to tertiary stage. Dermatologic manifestations in late syphilis are now uncommon but can occur, especially in HIV-positive patients. Neurosyphilis can occur at any stage and is more common in patients with HIV. Diagnosis relies on patient history, physical examination, and laboratory testing, including direct detection methods and serology. Treatment is primarily with Benzathine penicillin G. The importance of screening for other STIs, partner notification, and counseling at the time of diagnosis is emphasized.