The Effect of Sex on the Risk of Long-COVID and Cardiovascular Complications in Healthy Patients Without Comorbidities: Data from a Polish Long-COVID Cardiovascular Study

    March 2024 in “ Journal of Clinical Medicine
    Agata Bielecka‐Dąbrowa, Agata Sakowicz, Katarzyna Gryglewska-Wawrzak, Joanna Kapusta, Maciej Banach, Piotr Jankowski, Michał Chudzik
    The study investigated the impact of sex on long-COVID (LC) and cardiovascular complications in healthy individuals without comorbidities, using data from 886 matched cases (443 males and 443 females) from a Polish cohort. One year after COVID-19 recovery, females reported a higher prevalence of LC symptoms (14% vs. 8.3% in males) and specific symptoms like hair loss, memory and concentration disturbances, and headaches. Females also exhibited lower mean arterial pressure and pulse pressure, higher heart rates, and more frequent arrhythmias compared to males. Conversely, males showed a higher occurrence of certain ECG abnormalities. No significant sex differences were found in lifestyle factors such as physical activity, stress, fatigue, alcohol consumption, and smoking.
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