Sex Hormones in COVID-19 Severity: The Quest for Evidence and Influence Mechanisms

December 2023

Hansong Xiao, Lunzhi Yuan, Jiayuan Li, Chang Zhang, Gang Liu, Xuan Li

sex hormones ACE2 TMPRSS2 immune responses metabolic factors obesity thrombosis

TLDR Sex hormones may affect COVID-19 severity and outcomes.

The review "Sex Hormones in COVID-19 Severity: The Quest for Evidence and Influence Mechanisms" explores how sex hormones may influence the severity and outcomes of COVID-19. It highlights that gender differences in severe disease and mortality rates could be linked to the regulation of viral receptors ACE2 and TMPRSS2 by sex hormones, which in turn affects viral infection levels. Additionally, sex hormones impact immune responses and metabolic factors like obesity, which can lead to severe complications such as thrombosis. The review also discusses the potential therapeutic applications of these hormones based on recent clinical and assay studies.

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