Risk Factors for Sebaceous Gland Diseases and Their Relationship to Gastrointestinal Dysfunction in Han Adolescents

The study assessed the prevalence and risk factors for sebaceous gland diseases, such as seborrhea, seborrheic dermatitis, acne, androgenetic alopecia, and rosacea, in 13,215 Han adolescents aged 12–20 years from Macau, Guangzhou, Malaysia, and Indonesia. The prevalence rates were 28.27% for seborrhea, 10.17% for seborrheic dermatitis, 51.03% for acne, 1.65% for androgenetic alopecia, and 0.97% for rosacea. Risk factors identified included age, duration of local residency, gastrointestinal symptoms (halitosis, gastric reflux, abdominal bloating, constipation), dietary habits (sweet and spicy food), family history of acne, late-night sleeping, excessive body hair, and anxiety. The study found a significant correlation between gastrointestinal dysfunction and the occurrence of sebaceous gland diseases, highlighting gastrointestinal issues as important risk factors.