Protein Microarrays: Analytical and Functional Applications in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

Protein microarrays, as a proteomic technology, were divided into analytical and functional types, each with distinct applications in biochemistry and molecular biology. Analytical arrays, such as antibody microarrays, were used for multiplexed detection and biomarker identification, while functional arrays studied protein interactions and immune responses. The technology was applied in drug discovery and profiling immune responses, including identifying kinase substrates and autoantigens. Specifically, protein microarrays identified 8 autoantigens related to alopecia areata using a cDNA clone array, and distinguished immune responses in SARS-infected individuals with high sensitivity. Despite advancements, challenges in specificity, sensitivity, and automation persisted.