Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Diagnosis, Symptoms, and Management

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a condition diagnosed in women from late adolescence to menopause, characterized by menstrual irregularities, hyperandrogenism (such as hirsutism and acne), and infertility. The diagnosis is based on clinical features, biochemical tests, and/or ultrasound imaging of the ovaries. PCOS is commonly associated with insulin resistance, leading to hyperinsulinemia, hyperlipidemia, and obesity. Management strategies for PCOS include efforts to reduce insulin resistance through weight loss and the use of insulin sensitizers, which have shown benefits. Treatments are also aimed at addressing specific symptoms like hirsutism, menstrual irregularities, and infertility. Given the potential link between PCOS, insulin resistance, and increased cardiovascular risk, it is important to educate patients and manage diabetes and cardiovascular risk factors.