Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) was the most common endocrinopathy in reproductive-aged women, affecting about 15% of this population. It had an unknown, multifactorial origin with a significant genetic component (70% heritability). Diagnosed using the Rotterdam criteria, PCOS presented short-term clinical manifestations like hirsutism, acne, alopecia, and seborrhea, and was associated with insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, diabetes mellitus, sleep apnea, endometrial cancer, and cardiovascular disease. Initial treatment included lifestyle changes, a healthy diet, and physical exercise. For women not wishing to conceive, combined oral contraceptives were recommended, while ovulation inducers were suggested for those wanting to conceive. Metformin was added for insulin resistance.