Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in the Context of Pituitary Adenomas: Prevalence, Pathophysiology and Clinical Management

This review examines the intersection of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) and pituitary adenomas (PAs), highlighting the challenges in diagnosis and management due to overlapping features. The prevalence of PCOS varies with different PAs, such as 13% in acromegaly and 46% in Cushing's syndrome. Excess hormones like growth hormone, cortisol, and prolactin contribute to PCOS pathogenesis through insulin resistance and androgen excess. Accurate diagnosis is crucial to distinguish these conditions from other disorders. Treatments like dopamine agonists for prolactinomas and surgical or medical interventions for acromegaly and Cushing's syndrome can improve PCOS symptoms. The review emphasizes the need for further research to understand the pathophysiological links and optimize management strategies for patients with co-occurring PCOS and PAs.