Phase Separation: A New Window in RALF Signaling

The study investigates the role of liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) in RAPID ALKALINIZATION FACTOR (RALF) signaling, emphasizing its importance in plant growth and stress responses. RALF peptides interact with pectin and receptor proteins like FERONIA (FER) to form condensates that activate crucial signaling pathways for plant development, particularly in pollen tubes and root hairs. Environmental stresses such as temperature and salinity influence RALF and pectin levels, promoting condensate formation and enhancing plant resilience. The research highlights the phosphorylation of GRP7 by FER, which is essential for GRP7's LLPS and thermal response, suggesting that LLPS is a key mechanism in RALF signaling. Further investigation is needed to understand the precise molecular mechanisms and potential applications for improving crop growth and stress tolerance.