Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Clinical Presentation, Diagnostic Challenges, and Evolving Management Approaches

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder in individuals of reproductive age, marked by ovulatory dysfunction, hyperandrogenism, and metabolic issues. It involves genetic factors, insulin resistance, inflammation, and hormonal imbalances, leading to reproductive, dermatological, and psychological challenges, as well as increased risks of type II diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The Rotterdam criteria are the most widely used for diagnosis in adults. Management includes lifestyle changes, dietary strategies, and personalized pharmacotherapy, with early detection and comprehensive care being crucial for better long-term health outcomes.