An Overview of Amenorrhea

Amenorrhea, the absence of menstruation in women, can be categorized into primary and secondary types. Primary amenorrhea is often caused by anatomical, genetic, nutritional, and endocrine defects, with Primary Ovarian Insufficiency being a major cause. Secondary amenorrhea is frequently caused by pregnancy, but can also be due to conditions like Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS), Functional Hypothalamic Amenorrhea, and Primary Ovarian Insufficiency. Symptoms experienced by women with amenorrhea can include hair loss, acne, excess facial hair, and milky nipple discharge. Diagnosis involves patient laboratory data, pelvic ultrasonography, and hysteroscopy. Management strategies depend on the cause, with hormonal therapy and hysterectomy being common treatments. Regular exercise, a healthy diet, and intake of vitamin D and calcium are also recommended.