Natural Compounds Targeting MAPK, PI3K/Akt, and JAK/STAT Signaling in Papillary Thyroid Cancer

Papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) is the most common form of thyroid cancer, with a generally excellent prognosis post-surgery, but advanced cases have a ten-year survival rate below 50%. Despite successful surgery, patients often need ongoing treatment and face potential adverse effects. This review discusses the potential of natural compounds to serve as therapeutic options by targeting key molecular pathways—PI3K/Akt, MAPK, and JAK/STAT—associated with PTC tumorigenesis. These compounds may help overcome therapeutic resistance and promote apoptosis, offering promise for advanced and recurrent PTC cases.