Unraveling the Molecular Mechanism of Bider Marking Formation in Dun Mongolian Horses Through Transcriptome Sequencing

April 2026 in “ Animals ”

Tana An, Manglai Dugarjaviin

Studysummary In this study, the researchers analyzed skin samples from Dun Mongolian horses to uncover molecular pathways linked to the "Bider" marking, identifying differential gene expression and several pigment-related signaling pathways that may play key roles in its formation. Our plain-language summary of this paper — not a Tressless recommendation.

This study explores the molecular mechanisms behind the "Bider" markings in Dun Mongolian horses using transcriptome sequencing on three horses. Researchers identified 140 to 775 differentially expressed genes related to pigment metabolism, skin development, and signaling pathways such as calcium and cAMP. The findings indicate that these markings result from a complex network of genes and pathways, rather than a single gene. The study highlights the roles of calcium and cAMP signaling in creating a microenvironment for melanocyte function and suggests local immune regulation in maintaining stripe boundaries. The research enhances understanding of coat color patterns and aids in conserving Mongolian horse genetic resources, though further validation in larger populations is needed.

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research Differential Expression and Analysis of TBX3 Gene in Skin Tissues of Dun Mongolian Horses With and Without Bider Markings

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This study researched the dun coat color in Mongolian horses, finding that variations in TBX3 expression in different skin areas are linked to Bider markings, suggesting TBX3's role in this specific pigment pattern, while further investigation is needed on its regulation.

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This study observed that TBX3 mRNA expression levels were region-specific and correlated with pigmentation patterns in dun Mongolian horses, providing insights into the genetic mechanisms behind their distinctive Bider markings.

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