Protective Effect of a Novel Metal-Phenolic Network Composite Against Ultraviolet-Induced Skin Damage by Modulating MAPK/AP-1/NF-κB Signaling Pathways and Attenuating Oxidative Stress in Human Keratinocytes

Melamax®, a novel metal-phenolic network-based composite initially developed as an eco-friendly hair dye, has been shown to provide significant protection against ultraviolet-induced oxidative and inflammatory damage in human keratinocytes. The study demonstrated that Melamax® mitigates ultraviolet-induced gene expression changes by suppressing pathways related to matrix degradation, inflammation, and oxidative stress, while enhancing antioxidant defense and hydration-associated genes. It effectively reduced reactive oxygen species and inflammatory cytokines, and upregulated antioxidant factors. Mechanistic studies revealed that Melamax® inhibited MAPK phosphorylation and suppressed AP-1 and NF-κB signaling, suggesting its potential as a dual-purpose agent for cosmetic coloration and skin photoprotection.