TLDR Transgender treatment includes hormones and surgery, but long-term effects are unknown and counseling is needed.
The document discussed the management of transgenderism, highlighting that it was poorly understood both mechanistically and clinically. Awareness had been increasing due to greater societal acceptance and available hormonal treatments. Therapeutic options included hormone and surgical treatments, though these could be limited by high costs and insurance coverage. For male-to-female (MTF) transitions, treatments included estrogens, finasteride, spironolactone, and GnRH analogs, along with various surgical options. For female-to-male (FTM) transitions, treatments included testosterone and GnRH analogs, with surgical options like mammoplasty and phalloplasty. Medical therapy could start in early puberty, but long-term effects were unknown. Counseling and medical monitoring were essential for all patients considering treatment.
2295 citations,
August 2012 in “The international journal of transgenderism/International journal of transgenderism” The guidelines recommend informed consent for gender-affirming treatments and stress the importance of personalized, culturally sensitive care for transgender individuals.
855 citations,
June 2009 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” The guideline recommends mental health involvement in diagnosing gender identity disorder and outlines hormone and surgical treatment protocols, emphasizing safety, informed consent, and long-term monitoring.
32 citations,
January 2018 in “American Journal of Clinical Dermatology” Hormone therapy affects hair growth in transgender individuals, with testosterone potentially causing hair loss in trans men and estrogen reducing facial/body hair in trans women; treatment options vary.
37 citations,
May 2018 in “Transgender health” Oral estradiol works for many transgender women but needs personalized dosing and monitoring.
94 citations,
January 2000 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” Spironolactone most effective for hirsutism, but has side effects.
November 2020 in “Elsevier eBooks” Antiandrogens and androgen inhibitors like spironolactone, finasteride, and dutasteride can treat hair loss and skin conditions, but they have risks and side effects, including potential harm to pregnant women and risks of cancer and heart issues. Herbal remedies also have antiandrogenic effects but lack safety validation.
18 citations,
June 2010 in “Current medicinal chemistry” Treating hirsutism in women often requires a mix of medications and cosmetic methods for best results.
75 citations,
June 1999 in “Pediatric Clinics of North America” The document concludes that early recognition and treatment of PCOS in adolescents is crucial for managing symptoms and long-term health risks.
