JAK Inhibitor Therapy in Alopecia Areata with Latent Hepatitis B Virus or Tuberculosis Infection: A Safety Assessment

    November 2025 in “ Mendeley Data ”
    刘, 勤思
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    TLDR JAK inhibitors can be safely used in alopecia areata patients with latent hepatitis B or tuberculosis, with proper monitoring.
    This study assessed the safety of JAK inhibitor therapy (ritlecitinib or baricitinib) in nine patients with moderate-to-severe alopecia areata (AA) who also had latent hepatitis B virus (HBV) or stable/resolved tuberculosis (TB). Over a median follow-up of 7 months, no cases of HBV reactivation or TB progression were observed, although one patient experienced transient liver enzyme elevation. All patients showed hair regrowth and reduced SALT scores, indicating treatment efficacy. The findings suggest that JAK inhibitors can be safely used in this high-risk population with appropriate monitoring, even without universal antiviral prophylaxis, though the small sample size and retrospective design should be considered when interpreting results.
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