Markers of Inflammation, Metabolic Disorders, and Principles of Treatment for Alopecia Areata in Children

Alopecia areata (AA) is a common cause of non-scarring hair loss in children, characterized by autoimmune damage to hair follicles. This review discusses the pathogenesis of AA, highlighting increased levels of inflammatory markers such as Th-1, Th-2, Th-17, and cytokines in the blood. AA often coexists with autoimmune, metabolic, and other diseases, and is negatively impacted by factors like obesity, sleep disorders, and stress. Treatment for AA in children often involves off-label use of drugs approved for adults, focusing on immune suppression. Janus kinase inhibitors are identified as a promising treatment option for AA.