Exosomes in Precision Dermatology: From Biomarkers to Targeted Therapeutics in Personalized Care

Exosomes are nanoscale extracellular vesicles with potential diagnostic and therapeutic applications in dermatology, particularly in immune signaling, inflammation, pigmentation, wound repair, hair biology, and tumor behavior. Despite promising experimental studies, clinical translation is still in its early stages, with most evidence coming from in vitro or animal studies and few well-designed human trials. As of September 2025, no exosome-based therapeutic has received FDA approval, and challenges such as lack of standardized methods, variability, limited understanding, and safety concerns hinder clinical adoption. Successful integration into clinical practice will require rigorous studies, standardized quality control, and large randomized controlled trials to confirm benefits and ensure safety.