Exosomes in Precision Dermatology: From Biomarkers to Targeted Therapeutics in Personalized Care

Exosomes, nanoscale extracellular vesicles, are gaining attention in dermatology for their potential as diagnostic and therapeutic tools due to their ability to transport molecular cargo between cells. They are involved in processes such as immune signaling, inflammation, pigmentation, wound repair, hair biology, and tumor behavior. Despite promising experimental studies, clinical translation is still in its early stages, with most evidence coming from in vitro or animal studies. As of September 2025, few exosome-based clinical studies in dermatology have been completed, and none have received FDA approval. Challenges such as lack of standardized methods, batch variability, and safety concerns hinder clinical adoption. Successful integration into clinical practice will require rigorous studies, quality control standards, and large randomized controlled trials to confirm benefits and ensure safety.