Efficacy of Bergamot: From Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Oxidative Mechanisms to Clinical Applications as a Preventive Agent for Cardiovascular Morbidity, Skin Diseases, and Mood Alterations

The document reviewed the efficacy of bergamot across various health conditions, including cardiovascular diseases, skin diseases, mood alterations, inflammation, and bone health, based on 31 studies comprising 20 human studies with 1709 subjects and 11 animal studies. Bergamot extract (BE) was effective in improving lipid profiles in humans, with oral doses ranging from 150 mg to 1000 mg/day showing significant reductions in body weight, total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, and increases in HDL levels. In animal studies, BE improved glucose control and bone health, decreased psoriatic plaques, increased skin collagen content, and promoted hair growth. Bergamot juice exhibited anti-inflammatory properties, while bergamot essential oil (BEO) aromatherapy did not significantly reduce stress, anxiety, or nausea, but topical application and aromatherapy did lower blood pressure and could improve mental conditions. The document suggests bergamot has potential therapeutic benefits, but also highlights the need for more extensive clinical trials to confirm these findings and establish appropriate dosages.