Cordyceps Militaris Grown on Germinated Rhynchosia Nulubilis Encapsulated in Chitosan Nanoparticle Suppresses Particulate Matter-Induced Lung Inflammation in Mice

The study investigates the anti-inflammatory effects of Cordyceps militaris grown on germinated Rhynchosia nulubilis (GRC) encapsulated in chitosan nanoparticles (GCN) against particulate matter (PM)-induced lung inflammation in mice. The optimal formulation of GCN showed significant reductions in macrophage and T cell infiltration, lung tissue damage, and inflammatory cell presence in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. In vitro, GCN reduced cell death, NO production, and inflammatory cytokine mRNA levels, while suppressing NF-κB/MAPK signaling pathways and ROS production. Enhanced bioavailability of GRC components was confirmed, suggesting GCN as a promising candidate for managing PM-related inflammatory lung disease and oxidative stress.