Endocrine and Intracrine Sources of Androgens in Women: Inhibition of Breast Cancer and Other Roles of Androgens and Their Precursor Dehydroepiandrosterone

The document discussed the role of androgens and their precursor, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), in women, particularly after menopause. It highlighted that most androgens in women are synthesized in peripheral intracrine tissues from DHEA and DHEA sulfate (DHEA-S), rather than being directly released into the bloodstream. This intracrine production allows for localized action of sex steroids, minimizing systemic side effects. Research indicated that androgens and DHEA could inhibit breast cancer development, promote bone formation, and improve well-being and libido without significant side effects. DHEA was noted for its ability to convert into androgens or estrogens only in tissues with the necessary enzymes, offering a targeted approach to hormone replacement therapy.