The Pathogenesis Model Research of Alopecia Areata: From Animal Experiments to Mathematical Prediction Models

Alopecia areata (AA) is a prevalent hair disorder marked by sudden, non-scarring hair loss in round or oval patches. This article reviews 13 animal models and 2 mathematical models used to study AA's pathogenesis and develop treatments. It covers spontaneous models like C3H/HeJ mice, DEBR rats, and B6.KM-AA mice, as well as induced models such as skin grafts and drug-induced methods. The review also discusses humanized and genetically engineered models, alongside mechanism-driven and data-driven mathematical models, offering insights for future AA research and experimental system development.