Adolescent Hair Loss: Review of Common Forms and Treatment Challenges

The 2008 document reviews common forms of hair loss in adolescents, including telogen effluvium, androgenetic alopecia (AGA), and alopecia areata, highlighting the challenges in treatment and the lack of curative options. Telogen effluvium involves excessive shedding, AGA is hereditary and may be linked to androgen excess, and alopecia areata is an immune-mediated condition with varying degrees of severity. Topical minoxidil is noted as effective for AGA, while corticosteroid injections are the first-line treatment for less severe alopecia areata, with alternatives like high-potency topical steroids and minoxidil available for those intolerant to injections. More extensive alopecia areata may be treated with contact immunotherapy, though results can be inconsistent and relapse is common. Systemic immunosuppressants are controversial due to limited research and side effects. The document stresses the need for physician expertise, psychosocial support for patients, and further research to improve treatment outcomes.