Pharmacological Role and Clinical Applications of 5α-Reductase Inhibitors: Review Article for Pharmacists and Healthcare Professionals

5α-reductase inhibitors (5-ARIs), including finasteride and dutasteride, are effective treatments for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and androgenic alopecia by preventing the conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone (DHT). They can reduce prostate volume by about 25% in BPH and stabilize hair loss in 88% of alopecia patients. Although dutasteride offers broader DHT suppression, its efficacy is similar to finasteride. Adverse effects such as sexual dysfunction and gynecomastia are possible, highlighting the need for careful patient selection and monitoring. While off-label uses are promising, more validation is required. Overall, 5-ARIs are crucial for managing BPH and androgenic alopecia, necessitating a personalized risk-benefit assessment and collaboration among healthcare professionals for optimal results.